During the summer of 2021 an increasing number of refugees, primarily from the Middle East and Africa, began appearing on the Polish-Belarusian border, seeking asylum in Poland and hoping to enter the EU. Taken advantage of by Belarusian authorities aiming to provoke a crisis on the EU's eastern border, the refugees found themselves stuck in a no-man's-land between Belarusian and Polish border guards. The then PiS-controlled government responded to the crisis by declaring a state of emergency, strongly limiting the movement of journalists and humanitarian groups in the border regions, sending the military to the border, and pushing back refugees into Belarus - illegal under international law.
While many activists rushed to the border to provide humanitarian aid and assistance, activist groups and individuals in Warsaw organized a number of solidarity demonstrations in response to the humanitarian crisis. Since 2021, a 5.5 meters tall, 187 kilometers long border fence has been constructed along the border, although thousands of crossings are still attempted to this day. As of 2024, the policy of illegal pushbacks and limiting the movement of journalists and human rights activists is still in effect, despite a change of government following the victory of the KO-led coalition in the October 2023 parliamentary elections.